濒危植物厚叶木莲的群落学特征及其保护

根据从化三角山次生常绿阔叶林的样方调查结果,分析了中国特有植物厚叶木莲（ManglietiapachyphyllaChang）的天然分布特点,分布区的自然环境概况,群落的区系特点,群落学特征及其保护策略．厚叶木莲仅零散分布于广东从化三角山、龙门南昆山和新丰小沙罗等地海拔650－1000m的常绿阔叶林中,分布区非常狭窄．在1200m~2的样地里有维管植物132种,隶属于57科89属。Shannon－Wiener物种多样性指数为5．45,均匀度为84．39％,类似于其他类群的南亚热带常绿阔叶林,但较低于海南的热带雨林类群．本群落植物区系的分布类型是以泛热带分布和热带亚洲分布两大类为主,热带－亚热带区系植物成分在本群落中占有明显的优势,其区系特点具有从热带向亚热带过渡的性质．该群落命名为赤楠、假轮叶虎皮楠、厚叶木莲群落,可分为乔木层（2亚层）、灌木层及草本层等层次．本群落以中、小高位芽植物占优势,缺乏大高位芽、地面芽和一年生植物,叶型以中型叶为主．种群分布格局分析表明,大部分优势种呈集群分布,其中厚叶木莲呈集群分布。种群的立木结构分析表明,厚叶木莲种群已处于衰退模式,有即将在群落中消失的可能,属于濒危物种,应加以保护,对厚叶木莲及其群落的保护应立足于就地保护．     

A Preliminary Study on the Wood Anatomy of Manglietia aromatica Dandy [

The present paper deals mainly with the wood structures of “Paramanglietia aromatica” Hu & Cheng and Paramichelia (Pierre) Hu of the Magnoliaceae. These wood structures are listed in Table Ⅰ. In comparison of their wood anatomical features with relsted genera[4], we find that (Ⅰ) the wood anatomy of the reduced genus “Para- manglietia” Hu et Cheng is still within the range of Manglietia Dandy and that (2 the wood anatomical features of Paramichelia (Pierre) Hu is very similar to those of Michelia L. and Tsoongiodendron Chun. We also find that the wood anatomy of Manylietia aromatica Dandy [“Parawanglietia aromatica” (Dandy) Hu & Cheng] is less similar to Manglietiastrum Law (see Table 1).     

p57与同源框基因HOXA10在子宫内膜基质细胞体外蜕膜化过程中的表达

本文旨在从mRNA和蛋白水平研究子宫内膜基质细胞(endometrial stromalcell,ESC)体外蜕膜化过程中p57和同源框基因HOXA10(homeobox A10 gene)的表达变化以及HOXA10的亚细胞定位,从而推测其在蜕膜化过程中的作用。本实验联合使用0.5mmol/L8-溴-cAMP和1×10?6mol/LMPA(medroxyprogesterone acetate)作用1、2、4d(D1、D2、D4)诱导ESC发生蜕膜化,相应时间点提取mRNA和蛋白质行半定量RT-PCR和免疫印迹,同时以2%低血清培养ESC1、4d作为对照(C1、C4)。用间接免疫荧光和基因转染的方法,观察蜕膜化过程中HOXA10的亚细胞定位。结果显示:(1)蜕膜化过程中HOXA10的表达进行性下降,D2开始与对照组(C4)比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。(2)相反,蜕膜化过程中p57的表达进行性上升,D2开始与对照组C4比较也有显著性差异(P<0.05)。(3)低血清培养ESC1、4d后,p57和HOXA10的表达没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。(4)蜕膜化过程中HOXA10始终定位于胞核,不发生胞浆胞核穿梭。以上观察结果表明:(1)p57的高表达是ESC脱离细胞周期走向分化的因素之一。(2)HOXA10的低表达可能是p57上调的原因之一。(3)孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)途径参与了促进ESC脱离细胞周期而走向分化的过程。     

Decidual adenylate cyclase and prostaglandin production in vitro

Human decidua contains an active adenylate cyclase, and a number of studies indicate that adenylate cyclase is functionally linked to increased in vitro prostaglandin synthesis. Increased decidual prostaglandin synthesis is associated with parturition, and therefore activation of adenylate cyclase may be involved in the control of human parturition. In this study, third trimester human decidual cells were preincubated for no more than 24 h prior to stimulation with a number of reagents which increase cellular cyclic AMP levels. Forskolin rapidly increased intracellular and extracellular cyclic AMP levels, but there was no increase in prostaglandin E₂ biosynthesis during incubations ranging from 5 min up to 24 h. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP or 8-bromo-cyclic AMP were also without effect on PGE₂ production, which suggests that the adenylate cyclase was not linked to the mechanisms regulating prostaglandin production. Cholera toxin increased basal cyclic AMP and PGE₂ synthesis, and was without effect on IL-1β-stimulated PGE₂ levels. PGE₂ synthesis was increased by 24 h culture with IL-1β in all the cell preparations, indicating that the cells were biologically active, and that the lack of effect of changes in cyclic AMP synthesis on PGE₂ levels could not be attributed to a defect in the prostaglandin synthetic pathway. Our findings did not agree with earlier work which showed that changes in cyclic AMP were correlated with changes in PGE₂ production by human decidual cells. It is clear that in the previous studies the decidual cells were preincubated for 4–7 days prior to stimulation, in contrast with 24 h in our investigation. We suggest that the functional link between cyclic AMP and PGE₂ synthesis reported previously may develop during culture, and not be a part of normal decidual cell function, but further studies are needed to test this hypothesis.     

越南木兰科植物新记录

报道了越南1新纪录种亮叶木莲(Manglietia lucida),采自老街(Lao Cai)省沙巴(Sa Pa)市HoangLien国家公园次生林.凭证标本保存在中国科学院华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)和越南林业大学(FUV).     

濒危植物巴东木莲花粉母细胞减数分裂观察

对巴东木莲Manglietia patungensis及其近缘种乳源木莲M. yuyuanensis的花粉母细胞减数分裂过程的基本特征进行了比较研究。乳源木莲与巴东木莲的染色体数目和核型相同,但不经任何人为因素诱导,它们之间在减数分裂过程中的染色体行为上有明显差异。(1)巴东木莲减数分裂中期I构型为0.30IV+18.33II+0.15I,与乳源木莲构型19II不同,巴东木莲可能存在同臂内倒位杂合子,染色体结构存在一定的杂合性。(2)后期I和后期II染色体行为异常现象发生频率明显不同。以后期II为例,乳源木莲减数分裂相中有迟滞染色体的细胞占8.8%,迟滞染色体不超过2个;巴东木莲有迟滞染色体等异常现象的细胞占29.2%,迟滞染色体最高达11个,还出现染色体碎裂成断片现象。巴东木莲减数分裂过程中染色体组表现出染色体结构杂合变异和迟滞染色体与染色体的断裂频率很高的异常现象在一定程度上可能影响了雄配子体的发育。     

三种木莲属(木兰科)植物的核型研究

为探讨巴东木莲 (Manglietiapatungensis)的分类学地位 ,对巴东木莲以及它的近缘种红花木莲 (M insignis)和乳源木莲 (M yuyuanensis)进行了核型研究。乳源木莲和巴东木莲的核型公式为 2n =34m (2sat) 4sm ,红花木莲的为 2n =32m 6sm (2sat)。结合前人的研究说明木莲属的核型比较稳定 ,核型不对称性均为较对称的 2B型 ,只是在核型不对称系数、染色体相对长度、最长染色体与最短染色体比值等方面有细微差异。红花木莲和巴东木莲的核型为首次报道。核型分析结果不支持将巴东木莲归并到红花木莲中的分类学处理     

Interaction of mouse ectoplacental cone trophoblast and uterine decidua in vitro

Summary During the peri-implantation stages of mouse development, the secondary trophoblast invades into the uterine decidua. This uniquely controlled invasive process results in the formation of the placenta. We have analyzed this process in vitro using cultures of decidua and microdissected ectoplacental cones from Day 7 embryos. The results showed that the interaction between these two cell types is comparable to that seen in vivo. Morphologically, the decidua maintained close contact with the spreading trophoblast, limiting its invasion and producing a multilayered trophoblast outgrowth. Attachment to the decidua was not mediated through cell-matrix binding, but the subsequent invasion into the decidua was dependent on normal matrix interactions. Secretion of proteinases by the trophoblast also seemed to be a requirement for successful invasion, but not attachment.     

广东省南昆山自然保护区厚叶木莲的群落特征研究

为探讨广东省南昆山濒危植物厚叶木莲(Manglietia pachyphylla)群落的结构特征,采用样方调查法对群落内的物种种类组成、区系、垂直结构和种群年龄结构等进行了研究。结果表明,在2000 m2的样地内共有维管植物236种,隶属于73科136属,以热带成分占绝对优势;优势科为樟科(Lauraceae)、山茶科(Theaceae)、壳斗科(Fagaceae)、冬青科(Aquifoliaceae)、茜草科(Rubiaceae)等。群落中以苗仔竹(Schizostachyum dumetorum)为优势种,重要值为81.09%;群落的生活型谱以中、小高位芽植物为主,占79.23%。群落属于南亚热带常绿阔叶林植被类型。群落成层现象明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层3层,层间植物丰富。对种群的年龄结构进行分析表明,厚叶木莲种群已处于衰退模式,有即将在群落中消失的可能,属于濒危物种,应加以保护。因此,对厚叶木莲及其群落在就地保护的基础上,同时要进行迁地保护及推广应用。